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1 φῶς
φῶς, φωτός, τό (Trag.+ [in Hom. φάος or φόως]; loanw. in rabb.) ‘light’① light in contrast to darkness, lightⓐ in the physical realm καθόλου τὸ φῶς μὴ βλέπειν (of Judas) Papias (3:2).—Opp. σκότος, as Job 18:18; En 104:8; PGM 5, 101; 7, 262; 13, 335; Theoph. Ant. 1, 2 (p. 60, 7) 2 Cor 4:6 (cp. Gen 1:3ff); 6:14. Not present at night J 11:10. λευκὸς ὡς τὸ φ. Mt 17:2. νεφέλη φωτός a bright cloud vs. 5 v.l. (TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 12 [Stone p. 22]). Of the light of the sun (φ. ἡλίου: Dio Chrys. 57 [74], 20 fr. Eur., Hippol. 617; Ael. Aristid. 45, 29 K.=8 p. 95 D; ApcZeph; Just., D. 128, 4; τὸ φ. τοῦ ἡλίου Theoph. Ant. 1, 2 [p. 60, 16]) Rv 22:5b; of a wondrous star IEph 19:2ab. Of lamp-light (Jer 25:10; Jos., Ant. 12, 319) Lk 8:16; 11:33 (v.l. φέγγος); J 5:35 (in imagery); Rv 18:23; 22:5a. Light fr. a transcendent source (Ael. Aristid. 49, 46 K.=p. 500, 17 D. ἐγένετο φῶς παρὰ τῆς Ἴσιδος; Marinus, Vi. Procli 23: a halo of light around Proclus’ head moves the beholder to προσκύνησις): an angel Ac 12:7; 2 Cor 11:14 (here ἄγγελος φωτός [cp. 1QS 3:20] is a messenger of the world of light in contrast to Satan); of Paul’s conversion experience Ac 9:3; 22:6 (both w. ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, as X., Cyr. 4, 2, 15; Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 29), 9, 11; 26:13 (οὐρανόθεν); the heavenly city Rv 21:24 (s. also bα below). ἐφάνη φῶς μέγα ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ a bright light appeared in the cave GJs 19:2, followed by φῶς ἐκεῖνο ὑπεστέλλετο that light faded out. ἦν τὸ ὄρος ἐκεῖνο διαφαίνων (pap=διαφαῖνον) αὐτῇ φ. that mountain was shining a light for her GJs 22:3.—In imagery: (εἰς φ. ἐλθεῖν=‘become apparent’ Hippol., Ref. 4, 28, 4) ἐν τῷ φωτί in the open, publicly (φ. of ‘the open’ X., Ages. 9, 1.—Opp. ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ) Mt 10:27; Lk 12:3 (Proverbia Aesopi 104 P.: ἅπερ ἐν νυκτὶ καλύπτεται, ταῦτα εἰς φῶς λαληθέντα … ‘what is hidden in the night gets talked about in the light’). Of an evil-doer it is said: μισεῖ τὸ φῶς καὶ οὐκ ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ φῶς J 3:20 (cp. Eur., Iph. T. 1026 κλεπτῶν γὰρ ἡ νύξ, τῆς δʼ ἀληθείας τὸ φῶς=the night’s for thieves, the light’s for truth; Plut., Mor. 82b, Contra Volupt. in Stob., Anthol. 3, 6, 33 vol. III 299 H.; Philo, De Jos. 68, Spec. Leg. 1, 319–23; TestNapht 2:10).ⓑ in a transcendent senseα. the passages in the central portion of 1a above show that light is the element and sphere of the divine (Ael. Aristid. 28, 114 K.=49 p. 528 D.: τοῦ θεοῦ φῶς; SibOr 3, 787 ἀθάνατον φ.; Tat. 13, 2 λόγος … ἐστὶ τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ φ.—Iren. 1, 4, 1 [Harv. I 32, 1]). God is called φῶς οἰκῶν ἀπρόσιτον 1 Ti 6:16 (Plut., Pericl. 173 [39, 2] the gods dwell in τὸν τόπον ἀσάλευτον φωτὶ καθαρωτάτῳ περιλαμπόμενον, Mor. 567f: the divine φωνή proceeds fr. a φῶς μέγα that suddenly shines forth), or it is said that God dwells ἐν τῷ φωτί 1J 1:7b. In fact, God is described as light pure and simple ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν vs. 5 (Philo, Somn. 1, 75; cp. TestJob 4:1 εἶπεν τὸ φῶς; ParJer 6:12; Ath. 31, 3 πάντα δὲ φῶς αὐτὸν ὄντα.—OSchaefer, StKr 105, ’33, 467–76). Cp. Dg 9:6. Likew. the Divine Redeemer (ParJer 9:14 τὸ φῶς τῶν αἰώνων πάντων) in the Fourth Gospel: J 1:7–9 (FAuer, Wie ist J 1:9 zu verstehen?: ThGl 28, ’36, 397–407); 12:35ab, 36ab (for 1J 2:8 s. β; on divinity as light s. RCharles, The Book of Enoch 1912, 71f; GWetter, Phōs [ΦΩΣ] 1915. S. also MDibelius, Die Vorstellung v. göttl. Licht: Deutsche Literaturzeitung 36, 1915, 1469–83 and MNilsson, GGA 1916, 49ff; FDölger, Die Sonne der Gerechtigkeit 1918, Sol Salutis 1920; WBousset, Kyrios Christos 2, 1921, 173; 174, 2 and 3; HJonas, Gnosis u. spätantiker Geist I ’34; Dodd 133–36; 183–87 al.; EGoodenough, By Light, Light: The Mystic Gospel of Hellenistic Judaism ’35; RBultmann, Z. Gesch. der Lichtsymbolik im Altertum: Philol 97, ’48, 1–36; 1QH 4:6; 18:29; BGU 597, 33 [I A.D.]). Jesus calls himself τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου J 8:12a; 9:5; 12:46; cp. 3:19a (Mel., P. 103, 795; Wetter, ‘Ich bin das Licht der Welt’: Beiträge zur Religionswissenschaft I/2, 1914, 171ff), and is called τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1:4 (Ael. Aristid. 45, 33 K.=8 p. 97 D.: Sarapis as κοινὸν ἄπασιν ἀνθρώποις φῶς; hymn to Anubis fr. Kios [IAndrosIsis, p. 139] 7: Isis as φῶς πᾶσι βροτοῖσι). His very being is light and life (ζωή 2aβ; s. JWeisengoff, CBQ 8, ’46, 448–51) 1:4. Cp. also vs. 5; 3:19b, 21; Lk 2:32 (Jesus is a φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν).—FDölger, Lumen Christi: Ac V/1, ’35, 1–43. The martyr καθαρὸν φῶς λαμβάνει receives the pure light of heaven IRo 6:2.β. light, that illuminates the spirit and soul of humans (OdeSol 11:19 μεταβληθέντες ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς τὸ φῶς; JosAs 15:13 ἀναγαγεῖν με εἰς τὸ φῶς; Mel., P. 68, 491 ῥυσάμενος … ἐκ σκότους εἰς φῶς; Philosoph. Max. 499, 39 σωφροσύνη … ψυχῆς φῶς ἐστιν), is gener. the element in which the redeemed person lives, rich in blessings without and within (En 5:6 σωτηρία, φῶς ἀγαθόν; vs. 8 φ. καὶ χάρις; PsSol 3:12 ἡ ζωὴ αὐτῶν ἐν φωτὶ κυρίου): τότε ῤαγήσεται πρώϊμον τὸ φῶς σου then your light will break out early in the morning B 3:4 (Is 58:8; s. πρόϊμος, end). Of God δεῖξαι αὐτῷ (God’s servant) φῶς 1 Cl 16:12 (Is 53:11); of Messianic salvation, the gospel, etc. (opp. σκοτία, σκότος) Mt 4:16ab; AcPl Ha 8, 32f (Is 9:1ab; cp. Lucian, Nigr. 4 ἔχαιρον ὥσπερ ἐκ ζοφεροῦ ἀέρος ἐς μέγα φῶς ἀναβλέπων ‘I rejoiced, looking up as it were from a gloomy atmosphere into a bright light’); Ac 26:18; Eph 5:13; Col 1:12; 1 Pt 2:9; 1 Cl 36:2; 59:2; 2 Cl 1:4. τὸ φῶς τῆς ζωῆς (cp. 1QS 3:7) J 8:12b. τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν (ParJer 9:3 φ. ἀληθινόν; cp. τὸ τῆς ἀληθείας φ. Did., Gen. 87, 23f; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 13, 20; saying of Pythagoreans: WienerStud 8, 1886 p. 280 no. 118 in contrast to σκότος; cp. TestJob 43:6 ὁ τοῦ σκότους καὶ οὐχὶ τοῦ φωτός [of Elihu]) 1J 2:8, cp. J 1:9 (s. α above). φῶς καταγγέλλειν Ac 26:23. To be filled w. Christian truth means ἐν τῷ φωτὶ περιπατεῖν 1J 1:7a, εἶναι 2:9, μένειν vs. 10. Such persons are called υἱοὶ τοῦ φωτός Lk 16:8; J 12:36c (cp. 1QS 1:9 et passim); 1 Th 5:5; τέκνα φωτός Eph 5:8b (ESelwyn, 1 Pt ’46, 375–82; KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 339: 1QS 3:20; 5:9, 10); τέκνα φωτὸς ἀληθείας IPhld 2:1 (Porphyr., Ep. ad Marcellam 20 φῶς τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς ἀληθείας; Simplicius p. 88, 3; 138, 30 Düb. τὸ τῆς ἀληθείας φῶς). They put on τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός Ro 13:12, travel the ὁδὸς τοῦ φωτός B 18:1; 19:1, 12, and produce the καρπὸς τοῦ φωτός Eph 5:9. The rdg. τ̣ο̣ [φω]ς Ox 1081, 29 is better restored after the Coptic SJCh as τέλος (q.v. 1).γ. bearers or bringers of this kind of light (φῶς of persons: Od. 16, 23; Anacr. 51 Diehl [32 Page; 124 Bergk] φάος Ἑλλήνων; Pind., I. 2, 17; Trag.; Biogr. p. 453 Hippocr. as ἀστήρ and φῶς of the healing art; TestJob 53:3 Job as φῶς τῶν τυφλῶν; SIG 1238, 2 [c. 160 A.D.] Φήγιλλα, τὸ φῶς τῆς οἰκίας) Is 49:6 φῶς ἐθνῶν is referred to Paul and Barnabas Ac 13:47, and to Christ B 14:8 (as Just., D. 65, 7); cp. 14:7 (Is 42:6) and cp. bα above. The Ἰουδαῖος considers himself a φῶς τῶν ἐν σκότει Ro 2:19. Jesus’ disciples are τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου Mt 5:14; cp. vs. 16.—On Is 49:6 s. HOrlinsky, The 75th Anniv. Vol. of the JQR ’67, 409–28.δ. by metonymy, one who is illuminated or filled w. such light, or who stands in it Eph 5:8a (s. 1bβ above).—On the dualism of light and darkness, etc., s. Hebr. texts in the Dead Sea scrolls: KKuhn, ZTK 47, ’50, 192–211; WBrownlee, Excerpts fr. theTransl. of the Dead Sea Manual of Discipline: BASOR no. 121, ’51, 8–13; HPreisker, TLZ 77, ’52, 673–78; CHowie, The Cosmic Struggle: Int 8, ’54, 206–17.② that which gives/bears light, torch, lamp, lantern, etc. (X., Hell. 5, 1, 8 φῶς ἔχειν; Musaeus vs. 224 of a λύχνος. Pl.: Plut., Ant. 927 [26, 6], Pelop. 284 [12, 3] al.; Lucian, Philops. 31) Ac 16:29. Fire, which furnishes both light and heat (X., Hell. 6, 2, 29; Cyr. 7, 5, 27; 1 Macc 12:29) Mk 14:54 (GBuchanan, ET 68, ’56, 27); Lk 22:56. Heavenly bodies (Manetho, Apotel. 6, 146 sun and moon δύο φῶτα; likew. Dio Chrys. 23 [40], 38; Ptolem., Apotel. 2, 13, 8; 3, 3, 3; 3, 5, 3 al. τὰ φ=constellations; Vett. Val. index II p. 384; PGM 13, 400; Ps 135:7; Jer 4:23): God is πατὴρ τῶν φώτων Js 1:17 (TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 11 [Stone p. 70] φῶς καλούμενον πατὴρ τοῦ φωτός; cp. ApcMos 36; 38); the sun as τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τούτου J 11:9 (Macrobius, Saturnal. 1, 23, 21 ἥλιε παντοκράτορ, … κόσμου φῶς; cp. Ps.-Demosth. 60, 24). Of the eye as an organ of light (Eur., Cycl. 633 φῶς Κύκλωπος; Ath. 32, 2) Mt 6:23; Lk 11:35.③ that which is illuminated by light: πᾶν τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν everything that becomes visible is (= stands in the) light Eph 5:14.—CMugler, Dictionnaire historique de la terminologie optique des Grecs ’64.—B. 60. Cp. φέγγος; s. Schmidt, Syn. I 563–98. DELG s.v. φάε. Frisk s.v. φάος. New Docs 1, 98f. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
2 λύχνος
λύχνος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, TestSol, TestAbr, TestJob; TestSim 8:4; ParJer 9:14 [Christ.]; Just., D. 10, 1) lamp (of metal or clay [Artem. 2, 9 p. 96, 20f λύχνος χαλκοῦς, ὀστράκινος].—Oil-burning: Posidonius: 87 Fgm. 94 Jac.; Diod S 1, 34, 11; Chariton 1, 1, 15; PGM 7, 359–64. S. λυχνία.—λυχνία beside λύχνος: Artem. 1, 74 p. 67, 12; IKos 36d, 7; 8; TestAbr B p. 109, 19 [Stone p. 66]; TestJob 32:9; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 296 καίεσθαι λύχνους ἐπὶ τῆς λυχνίας; Jos., Bell. 7, 429, Ant. 3, 182; 199)ⓐ lit. Lk 11:36; GPt 5:18. φῶς λύχνου (Chariton 1, 1, 15; M. Ant. 12, 15) light of a lamp Rv 22:5; cp. 18:23; ἔρχεται ὁ λ. a lamp is brought in Mk 4:21; καίειν λ. Mt 5:15 (Paus. 3, 17, 8 τὸν καιόμενον λύχνον). λ. ἅπτειν light a lamp (ἅπτω 1.—As a symbol of someth. out of place Paroem. Gr.: Diogenian 6, 27 λ. ἐν μεσημβρίᾳ ἅπτειν. Likew. an unknown comic poet: Fgm. 721 K.) Lk 8:16; 11:33; 15:8. φαί̣ν̣[ων] οὐ λύχνῳ illumined without a lamp AcPl Ha 3, 28f.—Use of the lamp as a symbol: ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν … οἱ λύχνοι καιόμενοι Lk 12:35 (Artem. 2, 9 λ. καιόμενος); cp. D 16:1. The Baptist as ὁ λύχνος ὁ καιόμενος κ. φαίνων J 5:35 (of Christ ὁ ἄσβεστος λ. ParJer 9:14). The believers are to pay attention to the prophetic word ὡς λύχνῳ φαίνοντι 2 Pt 1:19 (cp. Ps 118:105 λύχνος … ὁ λόγος σοῦ).ⓑ as metaph. (Lycophron vs. 422 λύχνοι are the eyes as vs. 846 λαμπτήρ an eye) ὁ λ. τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν ὁ ὀφθαλμός the lamp of the body is the eye Mt 6:22; Lk 11:34 (FSchwencke, ZWT 55, 1913, 251–60; WBrandt, ZNW 14, 1913, 97–116; 177–201; BBacon, Exp. 8th ser., 7, 1913, 275–88; JDerrett, Law in the NT, ’70, 189–207; GSchneider, Das Bildwort von der Lampe etc., ZNW 61, ’70, 183–209.—Further lit. s.v. ἁπλοῦς). Of the Spirit of God λ. ἐρευνῶν τὰ ταμιεῖα τῆς γαστρός 1 Cl 21:2 (Pr 20:27 A). Of the heavenly Jerusalem ὁ λ. αὐτῆς τὸ ἀρνίον Rv 21:23.—KGalling, D. Beleuchtungsgeräte im isr.-jüd. Kulturgebiet: ZDPV 46, 1923, 1–50; RSmith, BA 27, ’64, 1–31, 101–24; 29, ’66, 2–27.—B. 484; Pauly-W. XIII 1566ff; Kl. Pauly III 478ff. OEANE III 326–30. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
3 λύχνος
Grammatical information: m.,Meaning: `(portable) light, lamp' (τ 34), also as fishname (Str., H., as lat. lucerna ; after its lighting organs, evt after the exterior form, Strömberg Fischnamen 55f.).Other forms: pl. also τὰ λύχνα, to which sg. λύχνον (cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 37, Sommer Nominalkomp. 88)Compounds: Several compp., e.g. λυχνοῦχος m. `lamp-stander, lighter' (com.), also as 2. member as in θερμό-λυχνον = λυχν-έλαιον `lamp-oil' (Att. inscr.).Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: λυχνάριον (pap.), λυχνίσκος fishname (Luc.; cf. above). 2. name of a lighter: λυχνεῖον (com., Arist., hell. inscr.) with λυχνείδιον (-ί̄διον), λυχνίον, - ιον (Antiph., Theoc., Luc.), also `lamp' (pap.), λυχνία, - έα, - εία (hell.; Scheller Oxytonierung 44 f.). 3. name of the ruby that emits light: λυχνίας λίθος (Pl. Com.), λυχνίτης (Str.), also name of Parian marble, as lamps were made of it (Varro ap. Plin.; s. Redard 56 a. 244 n. 13), λυχνεύς (Callix., H.), also `lighter' (Ath.; Boßhardt 63), λύχνις m. (D. P., Orph. L.), λυχνίς f. (Luc..; cf. 4). 4. plantname: λυχνίς f. `rose campion, Lychnis coronaria' (Thphr., Dsc.; because of the purpur-red colour, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 49), λυχνῖτις f. `candlewick, Verbascum' (Plin., pap., Dsc.), because the leaves were used as wick (Strömberg 106, Redard 73; cf. s. θρύον). 5. Other substant.: λυχνεών, - ῶνος m. `place to keep lamps' (Luc. VH 1, 29), λύχνωμα `lint' (sch. Ar. Ach. 1175, = λαμπάδιον), with nominal basis (Chantraine Formation 187). 6. Adjectives: λυχν-αῖος (Procl.), also - ιαῖος (S. E., Gal.) `belonging to a lamp', - ώδης `lamp-like' (Heph. Astr.). 7. Verb: λυχνεύω `lighten someb.' (Areth. in Apok.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [688f] *leuk-sn-ā `moon, stars' etc.Etymology: Beside λύχνος from *λύκ-σν-ος we have with full grade Av. raox-šn-a- `light, gleaming', OPr. lauxnos pl. `stars', Lat. lūna = Praen. Losna, OCS luna `moon', MIr. luan `light, moon', IE * louk-sn- or * leuk-sn-; the deviating zero grade in λύχνος may be related with the diminished strength of the ου- diphthong in Greek (cf. Schwyzer 347). The words mentioned are all transformations of an old noun with suffixal - sn- from the verb for `lighten, gleam', which is in Greek represented by λεύσσω; s. v. for further relatives (Hitt. luk-zi etc.). As intermediate form served prob. an s-stem (Av. raočah n. `light' from IE * leukos-, Lat. lūmen from * leuks-men- etc.). Quite uncertain is λουνόν λαμπρόν H.; hypotheses by v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 34 and Specht Ursprung 187. On the sn-suffix cf. esp. the synonymous Skt. jyót-sn-ā f. `moonlight'. - A zero grade noun *λυκ- (= Skt. rúc- f. `light') appears in the hypostasis ἀμφι-λύκ-η adjunct of the night H 433 `morning tilight', also as subst. `(morning)twilight' (A. R., Opp.; Bechtel Lex. s. v., also Leumann Hom. Wörter 53); after it also in λυκ-αυγής `lighting in the morning' (Luc.), λυκ-ό-φως, - ωτος n. `twilight' (Ael., H. s. λυκοειδέος, sch.); s. also λυκάβας, also λύσσα. - Schwyzer 489 (on the formation), WP. 2, 408ff., Pok. 687ff., W.-Hofmann s. lūna, Vasmer s. luná I; everywhere more forms a. lit.Page in Frisk: 2,147-149Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λύχνος
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4 λύχνος
λύχνος, ὁ, pl.Aλύχνοι Batr.180
, Ar.Eq. 1315, Antiph.70, 152, PPetr.2p.72 (iii B. C.): freq. also λύχνα, Hdt.2.62, 133, E.Cyc. 514 (lyr.), Call.Hec.1.4.11, etc., prob. in Alc.41.1. (Fr. λυκ- sno-, cf. Λύκη):—portable light, lamp,χρύσεος λ. Od.19.34
; λύχνα καίειν, ἀνάπτειν, light lamps, Hdt. ll. cc.;ἅπτε, παῖ, λ. Ar.Nu.18
; λύχνους ἅπτειν to have an illumination, Arr.Epict.2.17.37;λύχνους ἀποσβέσαι Ar.Pl. 668
; λ. ἀπεσβήκει had been put out, Pl.Smp. 218b; περὶ λύχνων ἁφάς about lamp-lighting time, i. e. towards nightfall, Hdt.7.215, D.S.19.31; πάννυχος λ. παρακαίεται lamps are kept burning all night, Hdt.2.130;καύσεις λύχνων Sammelb.1161.14
(i B. C.);ἔλαιον ἡμῖν οὐκ ἔνεστ' ἐν τῷ λύχνῳ Ar.Nu.56
; cf. κεράτινος.2 in pl., οἱ λύχνοι or τὰ λύχνα the lamp-market, οὑκ τῶν λ. ib. 1065.II a fish, Str. 17.2.4, Hsch.; cf. Lat. lucerna, Plin.HN9.82. -
5 φάος
φάος, φάεος, τό, [dialect] Att. [var] contr. [full] φῶς, φωτός, and resolved [dialect] Ep. [full] φόως (φώωσδε, though read by Ar.Byz. and Aristarch., is to be rejected in Il.16.188); [dialect] Aeol. [full] φάος Sapph.Supp.25.9, but cf. φαυοφόρος:—Hom. uses φάος and φόως, never φῶς; of the oblique cases he uses only dat. sing. φάει and acc. pl. φάεα; dat. pl.Aφαέεσσι Hes.Fr.142.4
, Call. Dian. 211, etc.:— φάος is the only form used by Pi.: Trag. use φάος or φῶς, both in lyr. and dialogue, as metre requires: Com. use φάος in lyr. only, Ar.Eq. 973, Ra. 1529; φῶν is a late acc. in BCH51.380 (Cyme, Hymn to Isis); in Prose φῶς is the only form used in nom. and acc.: gen.φάους X.Cyr.4.2.9
, 26, Oec.9.3, Arist.de An. 429a3; dat. , Ch.62 (lyr.), S.Ph. 415, 1212 (lyr.), etc.: pl.,φάη B. 8.28
, Gal.18(2).250, AP7.373 (Thall.); gen.φαέων Arat.90
; dat.φάεσι Call.Dian.71
; in Prose gen. , Ax. 365c; dat.φωτί Luc. Musc.Enc.9
, etc. (φῷ E.Fr. 534
); pl.,φῶτα IG11(2).203
A33 (Delos, iii B. C.), etc.; gen. φώτων ib.42(1).110.43 (Epid., iv B. C.); dat. φωσί (v. infr. 1.2): ([etym.] φάω) . [ᾰ regularly; but Hom. always has [pron. full] ᾱ metri gr. in φᾱεα; and so dat. pl. φᾱεσι in Call.Dian.71]:—light, esp. daylight, ἤδηφ. ἦεν ἐπὶ χθόνα Od.23.371
;φ. οἴχεθ' ὑπὸ ζόφον 3.335
;κατέδυ λαμπρὸν φ. ἠελίοιο Il.1.605
;Ἠὼς.. Ζηνὶ φόως ἐρέουσα 2.49
;ἀθανάτοισι φόως φέροι Od.5.2
;νὺξ ἀποκρύψει φάος A.Pr.24
;τὸ τοῦ ἡλίου φῶς Pl.R. 515e
; πρὸς τὸ φῶς βλέπειν ibid.; οὐράνιον φῶς, αἰθέρος φῶς, S.Ant. 944 (lyr.), E.Ph. 809 (lyr.);ἡμέρας ἁγνὸν φάος Id.Fr. 443
;ἡμερήσιον φάος A.Ag.23
;τὸ ἡμερινὸν φῶς Pl.R. 508c
; ἐν φάει by daylight, Od.21.429; ἕως ἂν φῶς γένηται till daybreak, Pl.Prt. 311a; ἅμα φάει at daybreak, Plu.Cam.34;ἅμα τῷ φωτί Plb.1.30.10
, al.; ἕως ἔτι φῶς ἐστιν while there is still light, Pl.Phd. 89c;ἔτι φάους ὄντος X.Cyr.4.2.26
;κατὰ φάος νύκτας τε E.Ba. 425
(lyr.); κατὰ φῶς, opp. νύκτωρ, X.Cyr.3.3.25; also, of moon light and starlight,φαέεσσι σελήνης Hes.
l. c., cf. Pi.O.10(11).75, Bion Fr.8.5, etc.;ἀστέρος τηλαυγέστερον Pi.P.3.75
; τὰ φῶτα, sc. sun and moon, Ptol.Tetr.37,38.b in Poets, freq. in phrases concerning the life of men,ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φ. ἠελίοιο Il.18.61
, cf. Od.4.540, etc.;λείπειν φ. ἠελίοιο Hes.Op. 155
, Thgn.569; ἐς φάος οὐκ ἀνίεσκε, ἀκίκεσθε, Hes.Th. 157, 652;ζῇ τε καὶ βλέπει φάος A.Pers. 299
;ὅστις φῶς ὁρᾷ S.OT 375
;ὄντα ἐν φάει Id.Ph. 415
, etc.;Διὸς ἐν φάει E.Hec. 707
(lyr.); πέμψατ' ἔνερθεν ψυχὴν ἐς φῶς, ἀναγαγεῖν εἰς φῶς, A.Pers. 630 (anap.), Ar.Av. 699 (anap.);πρὸς φῶς ἀνελθεῖν S.Ph. 625
;πρὸς φῶς ἄγειν Pl.Prt. 320d
;λείπω φάος Ar.Ach. 1185
(paratrag.); : but also εἰς φῶς ἰέναι to come into the light, i.e. into public, S.Ph. 1353; εἰς φῶς λέγειν ib. 581; τὸ φῶς κόσμον παρέχει light (i. e. publicity) is a guarantee for order, X.Ages.9.1.c simply a day,φῶς ἓν ἡλίου καταρκέσει E.Rh. 447
; νόστιμον βλέπειν φάος, = ἦμαρ, A.Pers. 261: pl., κρισίμων φαέων of critical days, AP11.382.11 (Agath.).2 the light of a torch, lamp, fire, etc.,τίς τοι φάος οἴσει; Od.19.24
, cf. 34,64;φάος πάντεσσι παρέξω 18.317
; (anap.);ποιεῖν X.HG6.2.29
; πρὸς φῶς πίνειν to drink by the fire, Id.Cyr.7.5.27; a light,φῶς ἔχων.. ἀφηγεῖτο Id.HG5.1.8
: pl., Plu.Pel.12, Ant.26, etc.; τὰ φ. the illuminations, IG11(2).203A33 (Delos, iii B. C.); μέσοις φωσίν at a moderate fire, Ps.-Democr.Alch.p.46 B., cf. Zos.Alch.pp.147,155 B.3 the light of the eyes, φάος ὀμμάτων, ὄσσων, Pind.N.10.40, Opp.H.4.525: pl., eyes,Od.
16.15, 19.417;τίεσκον ἴσον φαέεσσιν ἐμοῖσι Mosch.4.9
;φάη Gal.
l. c.: sg., of the Cyclops' eye, E.Cyc. 633.4 window, IG42(1).110.43 (Epid., iv B. C.), Plu.2.515b; opening in a machine, Heliod. ap. Orib.49.7.14.II light, as a metaph. for deliverance, happiness, victory, glory, etc.,καὶ τῷ μὲν φάος ἦλθεν Il.17.615
; ;ἐπὴν φάος ἐν νήεσσι θήῃς 16.95
;ἐν χερσὶ φόως 15.741
; [πύλαι] πετασθεῖσαι τεῦξαν φάος 21.538
;φ. ἀρετᾶν Pi.O.4.11
;δώμασιν φάος μέγα A.Pers. 300
, cf. S.Ant. 600 (lyr.), Aj. 709 (lyr.);λαμπρὸν φ. γένους Trag.Adesp.9
; of persons,ἤν πού τι φόως Δαναοῖσι γένωμαι Il.16.39
, cf. 8.282, etc.; esp. in addressing persons,ἦλθες, Τηλέμαχε, γλυκερὸν φάος Od.16.23
;ὦ φάος Ἑλλήνων Anacr.124
;Ἀκραγαντίνων φάος Pi.I.2.17
;ὦ φίλτατον φῶς S.El. 1224
, 1354;ὦ μέγιστον Ἕλλησιν φάος E.Hec. 841
; in late Prose, Anon. ap. Suid. s.v. ὦ φῶς: pl., AP7.373 (Thall.).b of God,ὁ θεὸς φ. ἐστί 1 Ep.Jo.1.5
;φ. καὶ ζωή ἐστιν ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατήρ Corp.Herm.1.21
; of Christ,φ. εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν Ev.Luc.2.32
, etc.2 with reference to illumination of the mind,τῆς ἀληθείας τὸ φῶς E.IT 1026
;φ. ἐν τῷ φιλοσοφεῖν Plu.2.77d
, cf. 47c;τὸ φ. τὸ ἐν σοί Ev.Matt.6.23
;τὸ φ. τῆς ζωῆς Ev.Jo.8.12
;ἐν τῷ φ. εἶναι 1 Ep.Jo.2.9
; τέκνα φωτός, ὅπλα τοῦ φ., Ep.Eph.5.8, Ep.Rom.13.12. -
6 φαίνω
φαίνω (Hom.+) fut. 3 pl. φανοῦσιν Da 12:3; 1 aor. ἔφανα (B-D-F §72; Mlt-H. 214f), subj. 3 sg. φάνῃ Rv 8:12; 18:23; 2 pf. πέφηνα (Tat.). Mid.: aor. subj. 3 sg. φάνηται (Just., A I, 7, 4). Pass.: impf. ἐφαινόμην; 2 fut. φανήσομαι (2 Macc 6:27; s. B-D-F §79; Mlt-H. 262; the older φανοῦμαι only in the LXX—quot. 1 Pt 4:18); 2 aor. ἐφάνην; pf. 3 sg. πέφανται and inf. πέφανθαι (Just.)① to shine or to produce light, shineⓐ as act., exc. for GJs 16:2 v.l. (s. deStrycker ad loc.), in our lit. only intr. shine, give light, be bright (Aristoph., Nub. 586 of the sun; Pla., Tim. 39b; Theocr. 2, 11 of the moon; Gen 1:15, 17; En 104:2; 2; TestJob 31:5 of stars; SibOr 5, 522; 8, 203) sun Rv 1:16. Sun and moon 21:23 (ApcMos 31); moon PtK 2 p. 14, 27; Dg 7:2. A lamp (1 Macc 4:50) 2 Pt 1:19; in imagery J 5:35 (in a comparison Theoph. Ant. 2, 13 [p. 134, 4]). Light Rv 18:23 (φάνῃ modern edd.; φανῇ t.r.) in imagery J 1:5; 1J 2:8. Day and night shine, in so far as the sun, or moon and stars give their light Rv 8:12 (text φάνῃ; v.l. φανῇ). φαίνοντος ἤδη τοῦ ὄρθρου AcPl Ha 4, 3 (s. ὄρθρος).—Of the brightness of a heavenly messenger AcPl Ha 3, 28; 31; 36.ⓑ pass., in act. sense, of light and its sources shine, flash (Is 60:2) ἐφάνη φῶς μέγα ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ GJs 19:2 (JosAs 14:3 φῶς ἀνεκλάλητον) of stars, in imagery Phil 2:15 (TestJob 31:5). Of lightning as a portent (X., Cyr. 1, 6, 1) Mt 24:27. Of light Rv 18:23 (v.l. φανῇ). Of a star appear Mt 2:7 (FBoll, ZNW 18, 1918, 45f); GJs 21:2 codd. Of the day (Appian, Iber. 35 §143 φαινομένης ἡμέρας) Rv 8:12.② to become visible, appear, pass. φαίνομαι w. act./intr. senseⓐ appear, be or become visible, be revealed τότε ἐφάνη καὶ τὰ ζιζάνια Mt 13:26 (cp. 2 Macc 1:33 τό ὕδωρ ἐφάνη). τά ἔργα τῶν ἀνθρώπων 2 Cl 16:3. τό σημεῖον τοῦ υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου Mt 24:30. Cp. D 16:6. ἀτμὶς φαινομένη (opp. ἀφανιζομένη) Js 4:14. Cp. Hv 3, 2, 6a. ὁ ἀσεβὴς ποῦ φανεῖται; what will become of the godless man? 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31). οὐδέποτε ἐφάνη οὕτως nothing like this was ever seen (=happened) Mt 9:33. τὸ φαινόμενον that which is visible (Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 270) IRo 3:3a. τὰ φαινόμενά σου εἰς πρόσωπον whatever is visible before your face (opp. τὰ ἀόρατα) IPol 2:2. φαινόμενα things which appear Hb 11:3 (Ar. 1, 5 πάντων τῶν φαινομένων; Ath. 5, 2; cp. Sext. Emp., Hypotyp. 1, 138). Ign. explains: I will be a real believer ὅταν κόσμῳ μὴ φαίνωμαι when I am no longer visibly present in the world (because I have been devoured by the wild beasts) IRo 3:2. A play on words is meant to make this clear: Christ also, through the fact that he is ἐν πατρί and hence no longer visibly present in the world, μᾶλλον φαίνεται is all the more plainly visible as that which he really is, i.e. ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν 3:3b. τ̣ὸ̣ [τέλο]ς (or: τ̣ε̣[λο]ς) τῶν φαινο[μέ]νων (opp. ἀφανῶν) light of things seen Ox 1081, 29f (rev. rdg.; s. διέρχομαι 1bβ); ἡ πίστ[ις] εὑρ[ετ]έ̣ [α] ἡ φαινομένη τοῦ ἀ.[ … ι]κ̣οῦ πατρός 32–34 (s. ἀπατρικός, but also ἀγέννητος, the preferred restoration being ἀγ[εννή]τ̣ου on the basis of the Coptic).ⓑ make one’s appearance, show oneself (Diod S 4, 6, 5 θεὸν φαίνεσθαι παρʼ ἀνθρώποις; 5, 2, 4 [divinity]; Chariton 5, 7, 10 φάνηθι, δαῖμον ἀγαθέ; Sb 8141, 24 [ins I B.C.] δαίμονος τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ υἱὸς … ἐφάνη; ParJer 7:20 θεὸς … ἐφάνη ἡμῖν διὰ τοῦ αἰέτου τούτου; SibOr 5, 152; Just., A I, 63, 10; ἐφάνη ὁ θεὸς … ἄλλως ἄλλοις Iren. 1, 10, 3 [Harv. I, 95, 9]; Did., Gen. 225, 13; τοῦ Ἰησοῦ … φαινομένου Just., D. 88, 8) Hv 1, 4, 3. Elijah (Jos., Ant. 8, 319) ἐφάνη has made his appearance (as forerunner of God’s kingdom, Mal 3:22. Some people consider that Jesus is Elijah come again) Lk 9:8. ἕως ἐφάνη βρέφος until the child (Jesus) appeared (in ref. to his birth in a cave) GJs 19:2. Of the first advent of Jesus Christ, who comes from outside our world B 14:5; IMg 6:1; Dg 11:2; also w. dat. (X., Cyr. 1, 6, 43; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 20, 5; Ael. Aristid. 51, 25 K.=27 p. 540 D.: ἡ θεὸς ἐφάνη μοι) κόσμῳ 11:3. Of the risen Lord, w. dat. Mk 16:9 (Just., D. 67, 7) τοῖς ἀποστόλοις. Of an angel, w. dat. (2 Macc 3:33; 10:29) Mt 1:20 (GJs 14:2); 2:13, 19 (cp. Alcaeus L-P. [schol. on Nicander, Ther. 613 p. 48 Keil]: φανῆναι τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα καθʼ ὕπνους; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 289 κατὰ τοὺς ὕπνους ἡ ῏Ισις ἐφάνη τῷ Ἀ., Ant. 7, 147; 8, 196). ὄπως φανῶσιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις in order to be seen by people Mt 6:5; w. ptc. to denote the role that one plays before people (Hyperid., Fgm. 70, 1; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 4, 1; Ael. Aristid. 47 p. 428 D.) νηστεύοντες as fasting vs. 16; cp. 18 (B-D-F §414, 3).—Of the Antichrist φανήσεται ὡς υἱὸς θεοῦ he will appear (in the same way) as a son of God D 16:4.—Of earthly persons: ὅπου ἄν φανῇ ὁ ἐπίσκοπος, ἐκεῖ τὸ πλῆθος ἔστω ISm 8:2. Of participation in a meeting διὰ τί οὐκ ἐφάνης τῇ συνόδῳ ἡμῶν GJs 15:1. Παῦλος φανεῖς πᾶσι εἶπεν Paul showed himself (after his martyrdom) to all and said AcPl Ha 11, 5.③ to become known, be recognized, be apparent, be revealed, pass. φαίνομαι w. act./intr. senseⓐ w. predicate nom. εἰ ἦσαν, ἐφαίνοντο ἂν κλάδοι τοῦ σταυροῦ if they (the bogus teachers) actually were (God’s planting), they would appear as branches of the cross ITr 11:2. οὐ φαίνονται they are not apparent Hs 3:2ab, 3ab. ἡ ἁμαρτία ἵνα φανῇ ἁμαρτία in order that sin might be recognized as sin Ro 7:13.ⓑ appear to the eyes of the spirit, be revealed ὅπερ καὶ φανήσεται πρὸ προσώπου ἡμῶν, ἐξ ὧν ἀγαπῶμεν αὐτόν which also will be revealed before our face by the fact that we love (the Lord) IEph 15:3.④ to be known by appearance as opposed to underlying reality, appear as someth., appear to be someth., pass. φαίνομαι w. act./intr. sense made more definite by a predicate nom. (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 19; Cebes 5, 1; Arrian, Anab. 4, 30, 4 πιστὸς ἐφαίνετο=he showed himself to be trustworthy; TestReub 5:7; Iren. 5, 1, 2 [Harv. II 315, 5]; Theoph. Ant. 3, 7 [p. 218, 5]) φαίνονται ὡραῖοι Mt 23:27. ἵνα ἡμεῖς δόκιμοι φανῶμεν 2 Cor 13:7. W. dat. of pers. appear to someone as someth. (Lucian, Dial. Mort. 25, 1; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 7 [Stone p. 54]) φαίνεσθε τοῖς ἀνθρώποις δίκαιοι Mt 23:28 (cp. Pr 21:2). W. ἐνώπιόν τινος instead of the dat.: ἐφάνησαν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν ὡσεὶ λῆρος τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα Lk 24:11.—Foll. by ὡς look as if (TestJos 3:4) Hv 3, 2, 6b; Hs 9, 9, 7.⑤ to make an impression on the mind, have the appearance, seem, freq. w. focus on aspect of decision evoked by circumstance; pass. φαίνομαι w. act./intr. sense, w. dat. and inf. (Hom. et al.) οἱ τοιοῦτοι οὐκ εὐσυνείδητοί μοι εἶναι φαίνονται IMg 4. W. dat. and ptc. φαίνεσθέ μοι κατὰ ἀνθρώπους ζῶντες ITr 2:1. τί ὑμῖν φαίνεται; how does it seem to you? what is your decision? Mk 14:64. ἐάν σοι φανῇ if it seems good to you Hv 2, 3, 4 (acc. to CTurner, JTS 21, 1920, 198, a Latinism: si tibi videtur. Cp. POxy 811 [I A.D.] εἴ σοι φαίνεται). Without a dat. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 12; Just., D. 91, 4) οὐδὲν φαίνεται κεκομμένον ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ nothing seems to have been cut from it (the tree) or apparently nothing has been cut from it (cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 83 φαίνεται Ὄλυμπος αὐξήσας μουσικήν=O. has apparently enriched music) Hs 8, 3, 1 (φαίνεται w. acc. and inf. Demetrius: 722 Fgm. 5 Jac.).—B. 1045f.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
7 λαμπάς
A torch, A.Th. 433, Th.3.24, etc.;πευκίνη λ. S. Tr. 1198
; beacon-light, A.Ag.8, 28, etc.; λαμπάδας ἅψασθαι light torches, Ar.Th. 655; λαμπάδας τινάσσων, in Bacchic ceremonies, Id.Ra. 340 (lyr.); used in festal processions, φαίνετε τούτῳ (sc. τῷ Αἰσχύλῳ) λαμπάδας ἱεράς ib. 1525 (anap.), cf. Th. 102 (lyr.).2 faggot, Plb.3.93.4; any light, lamp,λαμπάδες ἀργυραῖ LXX Ju.10.22
; wax-light, Plu.2.263f;λ. κηροχίτων AP6.249
(Antip.); later of oillamps, Ev.Matt.25.3.3 metaph., of the sun, Parm.10.3, S. Ant. 879 (lyr.), etc.; ἡ 'πιοῦσα λ. the coming light, i.e. the next day, E.Med. 352; of lightning,δαμασθεὶς λαμπάσιν κεραυνίοις Id.Supp. 1011
, cf. Ba. 244, 594 (lyr.); of the Cyclops' eye, Cratin.459.II torch-race, = λαμπαδηδρομία, Hdt.6.105, X.Vect.4.52; λαμπάδα δραμεῖν, τρέχειν, run the race, Ar.V. 1203, Thphr.Char.27.4;τὰς λ. δραμεῖν IG22.1030.9
; ἐν ταῖς λ. διηγωνίσθαι ib.1039.20;λαμπάδα φέρειν Ar.Ra. 1087
(anap.); ἀφιεμένην τὴν λ. θεῶ see the start, ib. 131;τὰς λ. συντελεῖν IG 22.1011.9
;λ. ἔσται.. ἀφ' ἵππων τῇ θεῷ Pl.R. 328a
; λαμπάδι νικᾶν win in it, And.4.42, cf. IG22.957, al.; λαμπάδα ν. win it, ib.3.106, al.; οἱ νικήσαντες τὴν λ. ib.122, cf. Milet.1(7).203a14 (ii B. C.).2 metaph., of life,λαμπάδα γὰρ ζωᾶς με δραμεῖν.. ἤθελε δαίμων Epigr.Gr. 231
([place name] Chios);καθάπερ λαμπάδα τὸν βίον παραδιδόντας ἄλλοις ἐξ ἄλλων Pl.Lg. 776b
.III = λυχνὶς ἀγρία, Ps.-Dsc.3.101.------------------------------------ -
8 λάμπω
λάμπω fut. λάμψω; 1 aor. ἔλαμψα (Hom.+; LXX, En, TestSol; TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 10f [Stone p. 70]; Test12Patr; SyrBar 12:2 [?]; GrBar, Joseph., SibOr; Christian ins in OGI 610, 1f [VI A.D.] φῶς σωτήριον ἔλαμψεν ὅπου σκότος ἐκάλυπτεν; Just.) to emit rays of light, shine (Jos., Ant. 3, 218 of precious stones) of a lamp Mt 5:15; of lightning flash Lk 17:24.—Shine out, shine forth, gleam (Chariton 1, 9, 5 of a gleaming sword; Jos., Ant. 5, 284) light Ac 12:7; a star (cp. IAndrosIsis [I B.C.] 23; Bar 3:34; SibOr 3, 334 ἀστὴρ λάμψει) IEph 19:2; sun (Archilochus [VII B.C.] 74, 4 Diehl2; SyrBar 12:2 ἀκτίνες τοῦ ἡλίου λάμπουσιν; GrBar 7:5 λάμψαι τὸν ἥλιον; 9:8) GPt 6:22. Of the face of the transfigured Jesus ὡς ὁ ἥλιος (cp. EpJer 66; En 14:18; 106:2; TestLevi 18:4; difft., but of a pers. SEG XXVIII, 1251, 2 [III or IV A.D.]) Mt 17:2. Of the light that shone forth at creation by God’s command 2 Cor 4:6a. Of an angel ὁ λάμπων καὶ φαίνων AcPl Ha 3, 36.—In transf. sense w. φῶς (cp. Pr 4:18; Tob 13:13 S; Is 9:1) shine λαμψάτω τ. φῶς ὑμῶν ἔμπροσθεν τ. ἀνθρώπων Mt 5:16 (cp. SEG above). Of God, prob. shine forth θεὸς … ὅς ἔλαμψεν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν God, who has shone in our hearts 2 Cor 4:6b (perh. reflect, as PGM 13, 770 of the heavenly eyes of a divinity λάμποντες ἐν ταῖς κόραις τ. ἀνθρώπων. GMacRae, Anti-Dualist Polemic in 2 Cor 4:6? TU 102, ’68, 420–31).—DELG. New Docs 3, 49f. M-M. TW. -
9 φανός
φανός, οῦ, ὁ (φάος ‘light’; Aristoph., X.+; UPZ 5, 18 [163 B.C.]; 6, 15; loanw. in rabb.) a portable light, lamp orig.=‘torch’ and later, to the great annoyance of the Atticists (Hesych. s.v.; Phryn. p. 59 Lob.; Athen. 15, 58 p. 699dff; Pollux 6, 103; 10, 116),= lantern (λυχνοῦχος); so J 18:3 beside λαμπάς (q.v. 1).—DELG s.v. φάε C. Frisk s.v. φάος. M-M. -
10 ἀστραπή
ἀστρᾰπ-ή, ἡ,A = ἀστεροπή, στεροπή,fiash of lightning, lightning,βροντὴ καὶ ἀ. Hdt.3.86
, cf. X.HG7.1.31, etc.; , cf. Pl.Ti. 68a, Cra. 409c, Arist.Mete. 369b6; personified, as subject of painting, Plin.HN35.96, Philostr.Im. 1.14: freq. in pl., lightnings,τὰς ἀ. τε καὶ κεραυνίους βολάς A.Th. 430
; (lyr.).3 metaph., ἀστραπήν τιν' ὀμμάτων flashing of the eyes, S.Fr. 474;βλέπων ἀστραπάς Ar.Ach. 566
; ἐκτυφλοῦν τιν' ἀστραπὴ [εἰμί] Antiph.195.4, cf. Ach.Tat.6.6.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀστραπή
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11 ἄλυχνος
ἄλῠχνος, ον,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἄλυχνος
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12 λύχνος
λύχνος: light, lamp, Od. 19.34†.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > λύχνος
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13 καίω
καίω (Hom.+) fut. καύσω LXX; 1 aor. ἔκαυσα. Pass. 1 aor. inf. καυθῆναι (MPol 5:2 v.l.) and 2 aor. (B-D-F §76, 1; Rob. 349f) καῆναι (MPol 5:2; 12:3); fut. καυθήσομαι (καυθήσωμαι 1 Cor 13:3 v.l., an impossible form, s. W-S. §13, 7; B-D-F §28; Mlt-H. 219) and καήσομαι (Hs 4, 4); pf. ptc. κεκαυμένος.① to cause to be lighted or be on fire, to light, to have/keep burningⓐ lit. λύχνον a lamp (Posidon: 87 Fgm. 94 Jac.; cp. Lev 24:2, 4; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 308; PGM 4, 2372) Mt 5:15 (so act. καίω τι X., An. 4, 4, 12; 4, 1, 11; EpJer 18. But, in contrast to ἅπτω, κ. lays the emphasis less upon the act of lighting than on keeping a thing burning; s. Jülicher, Gleichn. 80.—Diod S 13, 111, 2 πυρὰ κάειν=keep fires burning). Pass. w. act. sense be lit, burn Mk 4:21 v.l. λύχνοι καιόμενοι (Artem. 2, 9; cp. Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36. 1, 1 Jac. καιομένου τοῦ λύχνου; Ex 27:20; Jos., Ant. 8, 90) Lk 12:35; J 5:35; λαμπάδες … καιόμεναι Rv 4:5; GJs 7:2; cp. ἀστὴρ … καιόμενος ὡς λαμπάς Rv 8:10. πῦρ καιόμενον (Hdt. 1, 86; Is 4:5; SibOr 7, 6) MPol 11:2a. κλίβανος καιόμενος a burning or heated oven (Hos 7:4) 2 Cl 16:3. W. πυρί added (Pla., Phd. 113a εἰς τόπον μέγαν πυρὶ πολλῷ καιόμενον) Hb 12:18 (cp. Dt 4:11; 5:23; 9:15); Rv 8:8. πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ w. fire and brimstone (cp. Is 30:33) 21:8; cp. 19:20.ⓑ fig. of emotional experience (schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 3, 762 ἡ ὀδύνη καίουσα; Philo, Decal. 49 καιόμενοι κ. κατακαιόμενοι ὑπὸ τ. ἐπιθυμιῶν) of the heart οὐχὶ ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν καιομένη ἦν; were not our hearts burning? Lk 24:32 (cp. PGM 7, 472 καιομένην τὴν ψυχὴν κ. τὴν καρδίαν; TestNapht 7:4 ἐκαιόμην τοῖς σπλάγχνοις. PGrenf I, 1 I, 9 [II B.C.] συνοδηγὸν ἔχω τὸ πολὺ πῦρ τὸ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ μου καιόμενον. Cp. Ps 38:4. On the variants s. in addition to the comm. WAllen, JTS 2, 1901, 299).② to cause someth. to burn so as to be consumed, burn (up) act. trans. (Hom. et al.; Job 15:34; Just., A I, 53f) MPol 18:1. Pass. intr. be burned (Is 5:24; Jos., Ant. 4, 248 [ἡ παιδίσκη] καιέσθω ζῶσα) Mt 13:40 v.l. (for κατακαίεται, s. κατακαίω) J 15:6; Hs 4:4. The stones being burned Hv 3, 2, 9; 3, 7, 2 are to be understood as representing apostates: ApcPt Bodl. (restored by Bartlet).—MPol 12:3a. σὰρξ καιομένη 15:2. δεῖ με ζῶντα καυθῆναι I must be burned alive 5:2; cp. 12:3b (Ael. Aristid, 36, 67 K.=48 p. 465 D.: καυθήσεσθαι ζῶντες; 45 p. 74 D.; Appian, Hann. 31 §132 ζῶντας ἔκαυσε). The mng. is disputed in ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσομαι 1 Cor 13:3 v.l. (for καυχήσωμαι; s. καυχάομαι 1). Most scholars in this connection think of martyrdom (e.g. Ltzm., JSickenberger, H-D Wendland.—Cp. e.g. Da 3:19f; 2 Macc 7:5; 4 Macc 6:26; 7:12; Jos., Ant. 17, 167. Also Dio Chrys. 7 [8], 16 μαστιγούμενον κ. τεμνόμενον κ. καόμενον).—JWeiss (in Meyer9) and FDölger (Antike u. Christentum I 1929, 254–70) prefer to interpret it as voluntary self-burning (Diod S 17, 107, 1–6 Κάλανος; Lucian, Peregr. 20 καύσων ἑαυτόν of Peregr.; RFick, D. ind. Weise Kalanos u. s. Flammentod: NGG, Phil.-Hist. Kl. ’38; NMacnicol, ET 55, ’43/44, 50–52). KSchmidt (TW III 466–69) leaves the choice open betw. the two possibilities mentioned.—Preuschen (ZNW 16, 1915, 127–38) interprets it to mean brand, mark as a slave by branding, i.e. to sell oneself as a slave and present the purchase price to charity (for the idea s. 1 Cl 55:2).—B. 75. DELG. M-M. TW. -
14 ἀστραπή
ἀστραπή, ῆς, ἡ (s. ἀστράπτω; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; PGM 7, 785; LXX, TestSol, TestAbr A, JosAs; GrBar 16:3; Jos., Ant. 2, 343; 5, 201; Just., D. 67, 10; Mel., Fgm. 8b, 25; 30)① lightning (Hdt. et al.) illuminating the whole sky Mt 24:27. Proceeding fr. God’s throne Rv 4:5 (cp. Ezk 1:13; PGM 4, 703). Accompanying cosmic phenomena (En 14:8) 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (cp. PGM 4, 681f; 694ff. The combin. w. βρονταί also Diod S 4, 2, 3; Epict. 2, 18, 30; hymn to Isis POxy 1380, 238; Jos., Ant. 3, 184). Type of the greatest speed Lk 10:18 (cp. TestSol 20:17; FSpitta, ZNW 9, 1908, 160–63) and brilliance 17:24; Mt 28:3 (cp. Na 2:5). ἀ. πυρός fiery lightning ApcPt Fgm. 1.② Of a lamp light (Aeschyl., Fgm. 386) Lk 11:36.—B. 56. 970–73. DELG s.v. ἀστεροπή (cp. ἀστήρ). M-M. TW. -
15 ἔρχομαι
ἔρχομαι impv. ἔρχου, ἔρχεσθε; impf. ἠρχόμην; fut. ἐλεύσομαι; 2 aor. ἦλθον, and the mixed forms ἦλθα (W-S. §13, 13; B-D-F §81, 3; Mlt-H. 208f), ἤλθοσαν (LXX; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 12 [Stone p. 54]), ἤλθωσαν (GJs 21:1; ἤλθωσιν17:3; s. deStrycker p. 246f); pf. ἐλήλυθα; plpf. 3 sg. ἐληλύθει 3 Km 10:10, 12 (Hom.+). This multipurpose marker is not readily susceptible to precise classification, but the following outline of usage covers the principal lines:① of movement from one point to another, with focus on approach from the narrator’s perspective, comeⓐ of movement itselfα. abs. ἔρχου καὶ ἔρχεται Mt 8:9; Lk 7:8; cp. Mt 22:3; Lk 14:17; J 5:7; Ac 10:29; 1 Cor 11:34; Rv 8:3 al. κραυγὴ γέγονεν• ἰδοὺ ὁ νυμφίος ἔρχεται Mt 25:6 v.l. (Jos., Bell. 5, 272 βοῶντες• ὁ υἱὸς ἔρχεται). οἱ ἐρχόμενοι καὶ οἱ ὑπάγοντες Mk 6:31. ἦλθε δρομέως came on the run AcPl Ha 4, 30 (TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 24 [Stone p. 12] ἦλθεν δρομαία ἐπʼ αὐτούς=Sarah came to them on the run). Also w. the specif. mng. come back, return (Hom. et al.; Bar 4:37; 1 Esdr 5:8; Tob 2:3 BA) J 4:27; 9:7; Ro 9:9; of Joseph GJs 16:2 (foll. by κατέβη of Mary; both Joseph and Mary ‘return’ from an uninhabited area). Come before the judgment-seat of God 2 Cl 9:4. Come in a hostile sense Lk 11:22 P75 et al. (cp. X., Hellenica 6, 5, 43).β. used w. prepositions: ἀπό w. gen. of place (Herodian 1, 17, 8 ἀ. τοῦ λουτροῦ; ἀ. βορρᾶς PsSol 11:3; ἀ. τῆς μεγάλης πόλεως TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 30 [Stone p. 4]) Mk 7:1; 15:21; Ac 18:2; 2 Cor 11:9; w. gen. of pers. Mk 5:35; J 3:2b; Gal 2:12.—ἐκ w. gen. of place Lk 5:17; J 3:31b.—εἰς w. acc. of place into Mt 2:11; 8:14; 9:1; Mk 1:29; 5:38; Lk 23:42 (cp. 1bα below, end); J 11:30; εἰς Κόρινθον AcPl Ha 6, 2 (εἰς τὸν παράδεισον TestAbr A 11 p. 90, 1 [Stone p. 28]). to, toward J 11:38; 20:3. εἰς τὸ πέραν Mt 8:28; 16:5. εἰς τ. ἑορτήν to the festival, i.e. to celebrate it J 4:45b; 11:56. ἐκ … εἰς J 4:54.—διά w. gen. of place and εἰς Mk 7:31; ὁ … ἐρχόμενος διᾶ τῆς θύρας one who enters by the gate 10:2 (P75).—μετά w. gen. of pers. ἵνα ἔλθῶ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ δόξη τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ so that I might return with him in the glory of his Father AcPl Ha 10, 8. ἐν w. dat. of the thing w. which one comes Ro 15:29. ἐν ῥάβδῳ 1 Cor 4:21, also to denote the state of being in which one comes ἐν πνεύματι Lk 2:27; cp. Ro 15:32; w. dat. of the pers. who accompanies someone Jd 14.—ἐπί w. acc. of place over Mt 14:28, to (JosAs 26:5; ParJer 8:4; Jos., Ant. 7, 16; Just., D. 88, 3) Lk 19:5; Ac 12:10, 12; w. acc. of thing to (PTor I, 1; II, 29 [116 B.C.] ἔρχεσθαι ἐπὶ τὸ κριτήριον; Jos., Ant. 12, 395) Mt 3:7; Mk 11:13b; w. acc. of pers. to (ἐπὶ γυναῖκα Just., A I, 33, 3) J 19:33; Ac 24:8 v.l.; against Lk 14:31 (1 Macc 5:39 ἔρχ. ἐπί τινα εἰς πόλεμον; Jos., Ant. 7, 233; Mel., P. 17, 114).—κατά w. acc. of place to Lk 10:33; Ac 16:7; AcPl Ha 2, 5.—παρά w. acc. of place to Mt 15:29; w. gen. of pers. from Lk 8:49.—πρός w. acc. of pers. to (X., Mem. 1, 2, 27; En 106:4; JosAs 3:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 106; 11, 243; Just., D. 77, 4) Mt 3:14; 7:15; Mk 9:14; Lk 1:43; J 1:29, 47; 2 Cor 13:1 and oft. ἀπό τινος (gen. of pers.) πρός τινα 1 Th 3:6.γ. w. an adverb of place ἄνωθεν ἔ. J 3:31. ἐκεῖ 18:3. ἐνθάδε 4:16. ὄπισθεν Mk 5:27. πόθεν (Jdth 10:12) J 3:8; 8:14; Rv 7:13. ποῦ Hb 11:8. ὧδε Mt 8:29; Ac 9:21 (ApcEsdr 5:10; ApcSed 9:4; cp. ParJer 7:16 ἐνταῦθα. The adv. w. a case funct. as prep. ἄχρι τινός Ac 11:5. ἐγγύς τινος Hv 4, 1, 9. ἕως τινός Lk 4:42 (ApcMos 34 ἐλθὲ ἕως ἐμοῦ).δ. w. a case, without a prep.: dat. of pers. come to someone (Aeschyl., Prom. 358; Thu. 1, 13, 3; X., An. 7, 7, 30; BGU 1041, 16 [II A.D.] ὅτι ἔρχομαί σοι) Mt 21:5 (Zech 9:9); Rv 2:5, 16.ε. The purpose of coming is expressed by an inf. (Eur., Med. 1270, also Palaeph. p. 62, 12; 1 Macc 16:22; Bel 40 Theod.; 1 Esdr 1:23; 5:63; TestSol 5 D ἦλθε θεάσασθαι; TestAbr B 5 p. 109, 21 [Stone p. 66] ἔρχομαι … κοιμηθῆναι; Just., D. 78, 7 ὸ̔ν ἐληλύθεισαν προσκυνῆσαι) Mt 2:2; 12:42; Mk 15:36; Lk 1:59; 3:12 al.; by a fut. ptc. (Hom. et al.) Mt 27:49; Ac 8:27; by a pres. ptc. Lk 13:6 (TestJob 9:8 αἰτοῦντες); by ἵνα J 10:10; 12:9b (TestJob 34:5; ApcMos 29); εἰς τοῦτο ἵνα Ac 9:21; διά τινα J 12:9a.ζ. Single forms of ἔ. are used w. other verbs to denote that a person, in order to do someth., must first come to a certain place: in parataxis ἔρχεται καί, ἦλθεν καί etc. (Ex 19:7; 2 Km 13:36; 2 Esdr 5:16; JosAs 10:6; TestJob 8:3; ApcMos 37) Mt 13:19, 25; Mk 2:18; 4:15; 5:33; 6:29; 12:9; 14:37; Lk 8:12, 47; J 6:15; 11:48; 12:22; 19:38; 20:19, 26; 21:13; 3J 3; Rv 5:7; 17:1; 21:9. ἔρχου καὶ ἴδε J 1:46; 11:34. ἔρχεσθε καὶ ὄψεσθε 1:39. A ptc. of ἔ. followed by a finite verb ἐλθών (Hdt. 2, 115; LXX; TestJob 7:1; Just., D. 8, 4 al.) Mt 2:8; 8:7; 9:10, 18 (cp. εἷς 3b; προσέρχομαι 1a); 12:44; 14:12; 18:31; 27:64; 28:13; Mk 7:25; 12:14, 42; 14:45; 16:1; Ac 16:37, 39. ἐρχόμενος Lk 13:14; 16:21; 18:5. The participial constr. is best transl. come and. In some pass. ἐλθών is to be rendered when (someone) has come J 16:8; 2 Cor 12:20; Phil 1:27 (opp. ἀπών).—Instead of the transcription ]λη λυθεισα POxy 1081, 3, read after the Coptic SJCh 88, 19–89, 1: ἐ]ληλύθεισαν.ⓑ of making an appearance come before the public, appear (cp. ἦλθον εἰς τόνδε τὸν κόσμον ‘I was born’ Ar. 1, 1).α. of Jesus as Messiah Lk 3:16; J 4:25; 7:27, 31, who for this reason (on the basis of pass. like Ps 117:26; Hab 2:3; Da 7:13 Theod.) is called ὁ ἐρχόμενος Mt 11:3; Lk 7:19f; Hb 10:37 (Hab 2:3), or ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου Mt 21:9; 23:39; Mk 11:9; Lk 13:35; 19:38; J 12:13 (in all cases Ps 117:26); also in John, in whose writings the idea of Jesus having come heaven-sent to the earth is of considerable importance J 16:28: (ὁ προφήτης) ὁ ἐρχόμενος εἰς τ. κόσμον J 6:14; 11:27 (cp. ἐρχόμενος εἰς τ. κόσμον ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν ParJer 9:20). Of the appearance of Jesus among humans (s. Harnack, ‘Ich bin gekommen’: ZTK 22, 1912, 1–30; AFrövig, D. Sendungsbewusstsein Jesu u. d. Geist 1924, 129ff) Mt 11:19; Lk 7:34; J 5:43; 7:28; 8:42. Foll. by the inf. of purpose Mt 5:17; 10:34f; Lk 19:10. W. ἵνα foll. J 10:10b (ἦλθον, as here, Herm. Wr. 1, 30). W. εἰς τ. κόσμον and ἵνα foll. 12:46; 18:37; εἰς κρίμα, ἵνα 9:39; w. inf. foll. 1 Ti 1:15. ἔ. ἐν σαρκί come in the flesh 1J 4:2; 2J 7; B 5:10f. εἰς σάρκα AcPlCor 1:14. ἔ διʼ ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος 1J 5:6 w. the continuation ἐν τ. ὕδατι καὶ ἐν τ. αἵματι (on the mng. of the prep. s. B-D-F §223, 3; 198, 4). ὀπίσω w. gen. come after of Christ in relation to his forerunner Mt 3:11; Mk 1:7; J 1:15, 27, 30. The idea of coming is even plainer in connection w. the coming of the Human One (Son of Man), the return of Jesus fr. his heavenly home Mt 10:23; Ac 1:11 (opp. πορεύεσθαι); 1 Cor 4:5; 11:26; 2 Th 1:10 (Just., D. 28, 2 al.). W. ἐν τῇ δόξῃ Mt 16:27; 25:31; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26 (cp. ἔνδοξος … ἐλεύσεται Just., D. 49, 2). ἐπὶ τ. νεφελῶν μετὰ δυνάμεως καὶ δόξης Mt 24:30 (Just., D. 31, 1). ἐν νεφέλαις, νεφέλῃ etc. Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27. ἐν τ. βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ in his kingdom Mt 16:28; Lk 23:42 v.l.β. of forerunners of the Messiah and those who identify themselves as such: Elijah Mt 11:14; 17:10, 11, 12; Mk 9:11, 12, 13 (Just., D. 49, 1); John the Baptist Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33; J 1:31; w. εἰς μαρτυρίαν for testimony 1:7. Others, including false messiahs, false teachers, and an antichrist Mt 24:5; Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8 (ἐπὶ τ. ὀνόματί μου calling on my name); J 10:8; 2 Cor 11:4; 2 Pt 3:3; 1J 2:18.② to proceed on a course, with destination in view, go (Hom. et al.; LXX) ὀπίσω τινός go with (lit. ‘after’) someone fig., of a disciple Mt 16:24; Mk 8:34 v.l.; Lk 9:23; 14:27. ἐπί τι go to someth. Mt 21:19; Mk 11:13a (w. indir. quest. foll.). πρός τινα Lk 15:20. σύν τινι J 21:3. ἔ. ὁδόν go on a journey (Hom. et al.) Lk 2:44. S. also 1bα above.③ to change place or position, with implication of being brought, be brought (Hom. et al.; Thu. 6, 71, 2 χρήματα; Arrian, Anab. 2, 13, 5 ἀγγελία et al.) ὁ λύχνος the lamp is brought Mk 4:21. Sim. ἐλθούσης τ. ἐντολῆς when the commandment came Ro 7:9.④ to take place, comeⓐ of timeα. of temporal increments ἔρχονται ἡμέραι in future sense (1 Km 2:31; Am 8:11) Lk 23:29; Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); ἐλεύσονται ἡμ. Mt 9:15; Mk 2:20; Lk 5:35; 17:22; 21:6 (TestSol 13:7 C; Just., D. 40, 2). ἦλθεν ἡ ἡμέρα 22:7; Rv 6:17.—ἔρχεται ὥρα ὅτε the time is coming when J 4:21, 23; 5:25; 16:25; also ἔ. ὥρα ἐν ᾗ J 5:28; ἔ. ὥρα ἵνα 16:2, 32. ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα the hour has come = the hour is here Mk 14:41b; J 16:4; Rv 14:7, 15; w. ἵνα foll. J 13:1 (ἥκω P66). ἐλήλυθεν ἡ ὥ. ἵνα 12:23; 16:32; without ἵνα 17:1; cp. 7:30; 8:20.—ἔρχεται νύξ 9:4 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §159 νυκτὸς ἐρχομένης). ἡμέρα κυρίου 1 Th 5:2. καιροί Ac 3:20 (GrBar 8:1 ὁ καιρός). τὸ πλήρωμα τ. χρόνου Gal 4:4.β. of events and situations that are connected w. a certain time ὁ θερισμός J 4:35. ὁ γάμος τ. ἀρνίου Rv 19:7. ἡ κρίσις 18:10. So also the ptc. ἐρχόμενος coming, future, imminent: αἰὼν ἐ. (=הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא) the age to come Mk 10:30; Lk 18:30; ἑορτὴ ἐ. the coming festival Ac 18:21 v.l.; σάββατον ἐ. 13:44; ὀργὴ ἐ. the wrath which will be revealed (at the Judgment) 1 Th 1:10. τὰ ἐρχόμενα what is to come (Is 44:7 τὰ ἐπερχόμενα) J 16:13. Of God in Rv ὁ ὢν κ. ὁ ἦν κ. ὁ ἐρχόμενος 1:4, 8; 4:8.ⓑ of events and circumstancesα. of natural or sensory phenomena (Hom. et al.; also TestAbr A 19 p. 102, 10 [Stone p. 52]; βροντῆς … καὶ ἀστραπῆς ἐλθούσης; ApcEsdr 5:7 νεφέλη) ποταμοί Mt 7:25, 27. κατακλυσμός Lk 17:27. λιμός Ac 7:11. Of rain ἔ. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς come upon the earth Hb 6:7. Sim. of the coming down of birds fr. the air Mt 13:4, 32; Mk 4:4; of a voice resounding fr. heaven ἦλθεν φωνὴ ἐκ τ. οὐρανοῦ J 12:28 (Test Abr A 10 p. 88, 15 and 14 p. 94, 25 [Stone p. 24; p. 36]; Just., D. 88, 8; cp. Il. 10, 139; En 13:8; TestSol 1:3 VW; TestJob 3:1; ParJer 9:12; ApcEsdr 7:13).β. of transcendent and moral-spiritual phenomena: of spiritual coming of God come, appear J 14:23; of Christ ibid. and vss. 3, 18, 28; of the Paraclete 15:26; 16:7, 13.—ἡ ἀποστασία 2 Th 2:3. ἡ βασιλεία τ. θεοῦ Mt 6:10; Lk 11:2 (MBurrows, JBL 74, ’55, 1–8); 17:20; 22:18 al.; 1 Cl 42:3.—τ. σκάνδαλα Mt 18:7; Lk 17:1. τὰ ἀγαθά Ro 3:8 (cp. Jer. 17:6). τὸ τέλειον 1 Cor 13:10. ἡ πίστις Gal 3:23, 25.⑤ ἐ. in var. prepositional combinations ἔ. ἐκ τ. θλίψεως have suffered persecution Rv 7:14. ἔ. εἰς τὸ χεῖρον Mk 5:26 (Witkowski no. 36, 12=White no. 35 τοῦ παιδίου εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα ἐληλυθότος of a child in desperate circumstances; TestAbr A 20 p. 102, 27 [Stone p. 52] εἰς θάνατον ἔρχονται). εἰς τοσαύτην ἀπόνοιαν, ὥστε 1 Cl 46:7 (Hyperid. 2, 5 εἰς τοῦτο ἀπονοίας ἔ., ὥστε). εἰς πειρασμόν Mk 14:38 (cp. Himerius, Or. 48 [Or. 14], 19 εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν ἐλθεῖν). εἰς ἀπελεγμόν Ac 19:27. εἰς τὴν ὥραν ταύτην J 12:27. ἔ. εἰς κρίσιν submit to judgment (letter of Philip in Demosth. 12, 11; 16; ApcEsdr 2:26 ἔλθωμεν ὁμοῦ εἰς κρίσιν) 5:24. εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν 1 Ti 2:4; 2 Ti 3:7 (Polyb. 6, 9, 12; Appian, Mithr. 31 §123 ἔρχεσθαι ἐς γνῶσίν τινος; Cebes 12, 3 εἰς τὴν ἀληθινὴν παιδείαν ἐλθεῖν; TestSol 20:5 εἰς ἔννοιαν ἐλθεῖν; Just., D. 90, 1 οὐδʼ εἰς ἔννοιαν τούτου ἐλθεῖν). ἵνα ἔλθω εἰς τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν so that I might realize the resurrection of the dead (cp. ApcMos 10 εἰς τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς ἀναστάσεως) AcPlCor 2:35. εἰς φανερόν come to light Mk 4:22; Lk 8:17. εἰς προκοπήν result in furthering Phil 1:12 (cp. Wsd 15:5). ἔ. εἴς τι of the writer of a letter come to, i.e. deal with someth. (a new subject) 2 Cor 12:1 (cp. w. ἐπὶ Ar. 2:1 al.; Just., D. 42 ἐπὶ τὸν λόγον). εἰς ἑαυτόν come to oneself (=to one’s senses) (Diod S 13, 95, 2; Epict. 3, 1, 15; TestJos 3:9; GrBar 17:3; Sb 5763, 35) Lk 15:17. ἐπί τινα of serious misfortunes come over someone (Dt 28:15; Jos., Ant. 4, 128) J 18:4 (cp. PIand 21, 2 ἡμῶν τὰ ἐρχόμενα οὐκ οἶδα); tortures IRo 5:3; blood upon the murderers Mt 23:35; the Holy Spirit comes down upon someone (cp. Ezk 2:2; Just., D. 49, 7; 88, 1 ἐλεύσεσθαι ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τὰς δυνάμεις) Mt 3:16; Lk 11:2 v.l.; Ac 19:6; peace Mt 10:13; the wrath of God Eph 5:6; cp. Col 3:6; ἡ βασιλεία Lk 11:2 D; ἔ. πρὸς τ. Ἰησοῦν come to Jesus = become disciples of Jesus J 5:40; 6:35, 37, 44f, 65; πρὸς τ. πατέρα 14:6. ἔ. ὑπὸ τὸν ζυγόν 1 Cl 16:17 (cp. PsSol 18, 7f. ὑπὸ ῥάβδον παιδείας Χριστοῦ).—Not infreq. the pres. ἔρχομαι has the mng. of the fut.: Mt 17:11; Lk 12:54 (corresp. to καύσων ἔσται vs. 55); 19:13; J 14:3. Esp. also ἕως ἔρχομαι until I shall come J 21:22f; 1 Ti 4:13; Hs 5, 2, 2; 9, 10, 5; 6; 9, 11, 1. S. B-D-F §323; 383, 1; Rob. 869. S. also 4aα above.—B. 696. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.
См. также в других словарях:
light the lamp — (of a prostitute) to accept customers The brothel s sign is a red lamp: She confided in me that she had lit the lamp four hundred times, in one week, in her Casita. (Londres, 1928, in translation) … How not to say what you mean: A dictionary of euphemisms
light — light1 [līt] n. [ME liht < OE lēoht, akin to Ger licht < IE base * leuk , to shine, bright > Gr leukos, white, L lux & lumen, light, lucere, to shine, luna, moon, Welsh llug, gleam] 1. a) the form of electromagnetic radiation that acts… … English World dictionary
lamp|light|er — «LAMP LY tuhr», noun. 1. a person who lights lamps, especially a person formerly employed to light gas burning street lamps. 2. U.S. (formerly) a torch, twisted paper, or the like, used to light lamps … Useful english dictionary
light bulb — light bulbs N COUNT A light bulb or bulb is the round glass part of an electric light or lamp which light shines from. Syn: bulb … English dictionary
Light fixture — This article is about architectural light fixtures. For stage lighting, see Stage lighting instrument. Many various light fixtures A light fixture, light fitting, or luminaire is an electrical device used to create artificial light and/or… … Wikipedia
lamp — lampless, adj. /lamp/, n. 1. any of various devices furnishing artificial light, as by electricity or gas. Cf. fluorescent lamp, incandescent lamp. 2. a container for an inflammable liquid, as oil, which is burned at a wick as a means of… … Universalium
Light-emitting diode — LED redirects here. For other uses, see LED (disambiguation). Light emitting diode Red, pure green and blue LEDs of the 5mm diffused type Type Passive, optoelectronic Working principle Electr … Wikipedia
lamp — n 1. illuminant, luminary, luminant, illumination; light, light vessel, lampad; lamplet, gas lamp, oil lamp, Carcel lamp, Argand lamp, petane lamp, Hefner lamp; table lamp, floor lamp, bridge lamp, music lamp, piano lamp, night light, picture… … A Note on the Style of the synonym finder
lamp — Synonyms and related words: Chinese lantern, Finsen light, Moore light, arc light, battery lamp, broadside, candle, candlelight, cresset, dark lantern, electric candle, electric lamp, electric light bulb, electric torch, electric arc lamp,… … Moby Thesaurus
light source — Synonyms and related words: Chinese lantern, Finsen light, Moore light, arc light, battery lamp, benzine, broadside, candle, candlelight, coal oil, cresset, dark lantern, electric candle, electric lamp, electric torch, electric arc lamp, electric … Moby Thesaurus
light — light1 W1S1 [laıt] n ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(natural/artificial light)¦ 2¦(lamp/electric light etc)¦ 3¦(traffic control)¦ 4¦(on a vehicle)¦ 5 first light 6 be/stand in somebody s light 7¦(for a cigarette)¦ 8¦(in somebody s eyes)¦ 9 set light to something … Dictionary of contemporary English
